And, of course, the advertisers are eating sky-high fraud rates from many publishers (even legitimate ones, after the ad has been laundered through a half dozen markets and resellers). Off-page display, clickfarm views, even just lying when it comes time to bill.
There's really no one involved who isn't getting robbed at least some of the time.
There's really no one involved who isn't getting robbed at least some of the time.